A cavalry sword ... still in time for Christmas

fernando · 26th December 2011, 02:58 PM

So this guy visited me last Saturday, to show me a sword belonging to a friend who wishes to get rid of it.
I look at it and asked the price, but he says it must be me to offer. I advance with a figure and (through the phone) the owner immediately accepts ... as long as i pay in the moment ... in cash.
This is why i went (again) beyond the expected Christmas budget and brought in this 'non looked for' addition to the house 'furniture'.
According to the books this is what the Spaniards call a mounted sword for cavalry model 1796, with barquilla con vela (boat and sail) guard.
Looking to the descriptions and images available, it is an exception that the grip copper wiring is 'caged', not by the usual rigid iron bars but also by twisted wiring, this in brass.
However and for me the great novelty is that the blade is a typical French one, made in the famous Manufacture de Klingenthal. I can trace blades for these swords being imported from Solingen, but not from France; i am trying to get comments on this situation from a Spanish expert i know.
The inscription on the blade spine shows it was made during the Imperial period and the inspection poinçons (MOUTON and BEAUMARETZ) confirm its production date, that of 1803.
Although the sword model is named 1796, the date of 1803 was apparantly the first year of its appearance in the forces; the Spanish swords nomenclature functions that way.
This blade its rather lengthy, with its 93 cms, same as those of Spanish standard for this model; only that the basic version is double edged and this Klingenthal specimen is single edged, with two wide fullers ... like those in curved sabres, but in this case straight, with only a vestigial curve near the tip.
Please enjoy the pictures ... and post some comments, if you feel like

.

.

fernando · 26th December 2011, 02:59 PM

The marks.

.

kronckew · 26th December 2011, 03:28 PM

just a thought without any major evidence:

during the penninsular war, nappy put one of his brothers on the spanish throne, all looked well for the frenchies. could they have supplied blades for the 'new' kings troops? joe napoleon, i gather, wasn't very popular.

i'd like to think however that after the spanish army destroyed the grand armee of france at Bailén, killing about 6000 & capturing over 18000, including killing over 2500 cavalry during their vain attempt to escape, a lot of nice kleigenthal blades would have been available for conversion into preferred spanish forms.

edited:

interesting detail - the two screws holding the 'sail' to the rest of the guard are slotted on the outside, but peened on the inside.

Jim McDougall · 26th December 2011, 09:59 PM

An absolutely magnificent acquisition Nando!!!!! and outstanding observations by Kronckew.There were indeed powerful French influences in play near the turn of the century, and actually the dragoon sword that was referred to as the M1799 was influenced by contemporary French sabres with the 'birdhead' type pommel/backstrap. This was the model that appeared in the 1803 text regulations.

This particular form of cuphilt was I think as you mention possibly called a M1798, but it seems that its classification is a bit sketchy. I think that Juan Perez has more on that but I hevent really reviewed his material from some years ago.

According to Chamberlain (p.83, plates 150,151) this type cuphilt was more in accord with earlier forms and as always revealed Spain's inclination to adhere to traditional forms. It seems these were possibly in use much earlier than the 1798 benchmark, and probably contemporary with the M1728 forms which have become known as the 'bilbo' for thier bilobate shellguard basic in hilt. These 'bilbo' type swords were the form most well known in New Spain as far as military dragoon swords, while the cuphilt style broadswords were well known among infantry officers primarily. Naturally in frontier environments there were few set standards observed conclusively.

With reference to your observation on the Alamo

it is indeed unlikely this hilt form was present in the Mexican dragoon regiments there in 1836, there were possibly two, but offhand I can only think of one from Laredo. Mexico had won independance in 1821, and while still Spanish in basis as far as the regimental structure, arms were largely residual and imports.
The presence of the French cuirassier blade on this sword affirms it Continental provenance rather than Colonial.

These early Spanish swords, especially this particular 'M1798' is probably one of the most desirable and hardest to obtain examples of these 18th century cavalry Spanish cavalry swords as I have understood (when I tried to find one once!

. Bravo!!!!!! and what a wonderful Christmas gift........for me in just seeing it.

All the best,
Jim

cannonmn · 27th December 2011, 10:37 AM

I'm going to put a link back to this thread on my "regular" forum where I am the moderator, the Company of Military Historians Forum, because we have some folks interested in Spanish weapons there. I don't collect Spanish small arms (yet) myself but only artillery and I'm not sure where or if antique artillery is an appropriate subject here.

fernando · 27th December 2011, 03:42 PM

Hi Jim,
Thanks a lot for your input

.
Concerning the model number/year ...
This specific model appears in Barceló Rubi's ARMAMENTO PORTATIL ESPAÑOL, listed as model 1796. On a footnote he quotes Salas mentioning this sword in a rather resumed description without giving any measurements, and also Enrile, this one citing it as a disused model. But the same note adds however that the catalogues of Museo de Artilleria not only describe it (example #1726), but also refer to another one called model 1797 (example #1725), identical in all parts except the pommel which had a spherical shape.
Juan L.Calvó, in one article of his website CATALOGACION DE ARMAS, dedicated to Mounting Swords with Garrison of Barquilla con Vela, also consider this model as 1796.
When Calvó pretends that, according to his research, this model 1796 only appeared in service in 1803, he also reminds us that, the nomination of both fire and white arms being given according to the year of their introduction, like in France, only started being used in Spain in the kingdom of Fernando VII (so after 1808) and not before.
While i am expecting Don Juan Calvó to answer my email, telling me what he thonks about the blade being French, i will try and contact Juan José Perez for the same purpose.
Yours humbly

fernando · 27th December 2011, 04:19 PM

Hi Wayne,
Thanks for your observations

Yes, many weapons were left back by the French, during their disastrous way back home. But i have a different feeling about this specific blade exercise ... like it being a formal import, result of some noble or (also) rich owner having ordered it from France, to show signs of wealth, a custom common at the time.

Oh, i was about to second you in surprise about the fixation of the cup being 'screwed' by the outside and 'riveted' by the inside, but i took the sword to the (Portuguese

) sun and discerned some thread in its (half rounded) end.

.

fernando · 27th December 2011, 04:27 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by cannonmn

... I'm going to put a link back to this thread on my "regular" forum where I am the moderator, the Company of Military Historians Forum, because we have some folks interested in Spanish weapons there. ...

Just help yourself

Quote:

Originally Posted by cannonmn

... I'm not sure where or if antique artillery is an appropriate subject here...

Oh yes, why not ? As long as it is antique, let it come

kronckew · 27th December 2011, 04:35 PM

we have had some rather long discussions about cannon balls and chain/bar shot recently, including my links to the US artillery manual of the 1860's...

i'd think things that go boom with a mix of charcoal, sulphur and saltpetre are quite appropriate for the forum...like fernando's grenade avatar...

fernando · 27th December 2011, 04:36 PM

The way Juan José Pérez puts it in his website:

http://perso.wanadoo.es/jjperez222/tropacab_e.htm

kronckew · 27th December 2011, 04:42 PM

juan's sentence:

"All the previous patterns, excepting perhaps the one of 1728, took part in the Wars against Napoleon's troops, along with lots of arms obtained from older blades and newer hilts, some of them of non-official French types."

was quite interesting....

Jim McDougall · 27th December 2011, 05:05 PM

Note to 'Cannonmn'........"fire for effect"!!!! Absolutely, bring it on. We very much welcome all topics on arms as well as ordnance. Thank you for noting your intent to link us to your readers. Does the Company of Military Historians still produce the material in either newsletter or published articles? It has been a long time but as I recall there were quite a few venerable articles still sought after on various topics, many of them pertaining to uniforms and equipment.

Thank you so much Fernando for adding this detail.....outstanding information!!
Also thank you for adding the link to Juan's work on these swords...I was having trouble locating...or just didnt look it up

Clearly, and as noted by him, there was a great deal of conflict in establishing exact form for the various 'regulation' patterns and which dates they would be designated.
As with many regulation patterns adopted in military 'organization' the prescribed or more likely accepted patterns were often of forms which had already been in use, so assigning pattern dates was often a matter of perspective.
It seems that in the 1790s into opening years of the 19th century, there were actually several types in use by the Spanish military so though we know the period in use for them, designated date/pattern remains speculative.

By analogy, this was the case in England as well as they worked toward establishing regulation military patterns, beginning with the M1796 groups (though there were the M1788 patterns unofficially). While the heavy cavalry swords (from the Austrian M1769 pallasche) were clearly defined, the variations in some of the officers swords, Horse Guards etc. remained vaguely established and the light cavalry sabres had considerable variations, again primarily where officers were concerned.

Whatever one choses to designate this sword, it is a fantastic example of the sturdy Spanish cavalry fighting swords of the 1790s and early 1800s.
The French blade only heightens the intrigue in this historic piece !!

fernando · 27th December 2011, 05:49 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by kronckew

juan's sentence:

"All the previous patterns, excepting perhaps the one of 1728, took part in the Wars against Napoleon's troops, along with lots of arms obtained from older blades and newer hilts, some of them of non-official French types."

was quite interesting....

So i see !
My hope remains that the specificity of my example is not devoured by the generality mentioned by Juan's

.
I have just emailed him. In case he suggests mine is one of his quoted cases, i will the first to post his/your opinion

.

cannonmn · 27th December 2011, 07:50 PM

Quote:

Does the Company of Military Historians still produce the material in either newsletter or published articles? It has been a long time but as I recall there were quite a few venerable articles still sought after on various topics, many of them pertaining to uniforms and equipment.

Jim, I think our articles in the quarterly Journal are better, lots of color photos, more and more varied content, etc.

If anyone wants to join, please visit this page within our website:

http://www.military-historians.org/join/join.htm

Meanwhile, anyone may visit our online Forum, here:

http://www.military-historians.org/c...ber/member.cgi

Also, because of your interest in The Company, we're giving you (all) a free copy of our world-famous journal "Military Collector and Historian;" to download it:

http://gs19.inmotionhosting.com/~mil....cgi/read/9671

Thanks!

John

Jim McDougall · 29th December 2011, 05:02 AM

This is fantastic John!!! Thank you so much, and thank you for the barrage of outstanding posts on great topics

Its great to touch base again with The Company, its been a long time and brings back great memories of research years ago B.C. (before computers

for me. Its amazing how I could have lost touch for so long.

All the very best,
Jim

fernando · 2nd January 2012, 06:28 PM

I have received Juan José Pérez feedback.
While he reminds that this blade model was regularly mounted on French An XIII line cavalry swords, he finds it difficult to define whether this specific composition was result of a period work done in Spain with a captured blade or a later work required by some sword enthusiast or collector.
He has added that this is the first time he sees this particular setup.

David R · 27th February 2012, 04:08 PM

I am sorry to say that although the blade looks good, parts of the hilt at least are 1970's replica made in Spain for the wallhanger market. I owned one of these myself and so am familiar with the type. The original is a very fine sword in the Real Armeria, I think.
The sword is most likely a shotgun job of some age, made not to decieve, but for reenactment, or to replace the replica blade damaged in use, and then retired to the wall.
Quite a few of us did similar in the years before decent reenactment swords were made, reusing Kaskara blades, UK 1908 cavalry blades or anything else we could find.
I am in fact in the process of recovering some of these now valued blades, from the various reenactment swords they went into, back into something like their original form.

26th December 2011, 02:59 PM	#2
fernando Lead Moderator European Armoury Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Portugal Posts: 9,638	The marks. . Attached Images

26th December 2011, 03:28 PM	#3
kronckew Member Join Date: Mar 2006 Location: Room 101, Glos. UK Posts: 4,150	just a thought without any major evidence: during the penninsular war, nappy put one of his brothers on the spanish throne, all looked well for the frenchies. could they have supplied blades for the 'new' kings troops? joe napoleon, i gather, wasn't very popular. i'd like to think however that after the spanish army destroyed the grand armee of france at Bailén, killing about 6000 & capturing over 18000, including killing over 2500 cavalry during their vain attempt to escape, a lot of nice kleigenthal blades would have been available for conversion into preferred spanish forms. edited: interesting detail - the two screws holding the 'sail' to the rest of the guard are slotted on the outside, but peened on the inside. Last edited by kronckew; 26th December 2011 at 03:40 PM.

26th December 2011, 09:59 PM	#4
Jim McDougall Arms Historian Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Route 66 Posts: 9,738	An absolutely magnificent acquisition Nando!!!!! and outstanding observations by Kronckew.There were indeed powerful French influences in play near the turn of the century, and actually the dragoon sword that was referred to as the M1799 was influenced by contemporary French sabres with the 'birdhead' type pommel/backstrap. This was the model that appeared in the 1803 text regulations. This particular form of cuphilt was I think as you mention possibly called a M1798, but it seems that its classification is a bit sketchy. I think that Juan Perez has more on that but I hevent really reviewed his material from some years ago. According to Chamberlain (p.83, plates 150,151) this type cuphilt was more in accord with earlier forms and as always revealed Spain's inclination to adhere to traditional forms. It seems these were possibly in use much earlier than the 1798 benchmark, and probably contemporary with the M1728 forms which have become known as the 'bilbo' for thier bilobate shellguard basic in hilt. These 'bilbo' type swords were the form most well known in New Spain as far as military dragoon swords, while the cuphilt style broadswords were well known among infantry officers primarily. Naturally in frontier environments there were few set standards observed conclusively. With reference to your observation on the Alamo it is indeed unlikely this hilt form was present in the Mexican dragoon regiments there in 1836, there were possibly two, but offhand I can only think of one from Laredo. Mexico had won independance in 1821, and while still Spanish in basis as far as the regimental structure, arms were largely residual and imports. The presence of the French cuirassier blade on this sword affirms it Continental provenance rather than Colonial. These early Spanish swords, especially this particular 'M1798' is probably one of the most desirable and hardest to obtain examples of these 18th century cavalry Spanish cavalry swords as I have understood (when I tried to find one once!. Bravo!!!!!! and what a wonderful Christmas gift........for me in just seeing it. All the best, Jim

27th December 2011, 10:37 AM	#5
cannonmn Member Join Date: Jun 2006 Posts: 161	Nice! I'm going to put a link back to this thread on my "regular" forum where I am the moderator, the Company of Military Historians Forum, because we have some folks interested in Spanish weapons there. I don't collect Spanish small arms (yet) myself but only artillery and I'm not sure where or if antique artillery is an appropriate subject here. Last edited by cannonmn; 27th December 2011 at 11:07 AM. Reason: correction

27th December 2011, 04:19 PM	#7
fernando Lead Moderator European Armoury Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Portugal Posts: 9,638	Hi Wayne, Thanks for your observations Yes, many weapons were left back by the French, during their disastrous way back home. But i have a different feeling about this specific blade exercise ... like it being a formal import, result of some noble or (also) rich owner having ordered it from France, to show signs of wealth, a custom common at the time. Oh, i was about to second you in surprise about the fixation of the cup being 'screwed' by the outside and 'riveted' by the inside, but i took the sword to the (Portuguese ) sun and discerned some thread in its (half rounded) end. . Attached Images

26th December 2011, 02:58 PM	#1
fernando Lead Moderator European Armoury Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Portugal Posts: 9,638	A cavalry sword ... still in time for Christmas So this guy visited me last Saturday, to show me a sword belonging to a friend who wishes to get rid of it. I look at it and asked the price, but he says it must be me to offer. I advance with a figure and (through the phone) the owner immediately accepts ... as long as i pay in the moment ... in cash. This is why i went (again) beyond the expected Christmas budget and brought in this 'non looked for' addition to the house 'furniture'. According to the books this is what the Spaniards call a mounted sword for cavalry model 1796, with barquilla con vela (boat and sail) guard. Looking to the descriptions and images available, it is an exception that the grip copper wiring is 'caged', not by the usual rigid iron bars but also by twisted wiring, this in brass. However and for me the great novelty is that the blade is a typical French one, made in the famous Manufacture de Klingenthal. I can trace blades for these swords being imported from Solingen, but not from France; i am trying to get comments on this situation from a Spanish expert i know. The inscription on the blade spine shows it was made during the Imperial period and the inspection poinçons (MOUTON and BEAUMARETZ) confirm its production date, that of 1803. Although the sword model is named 1796, the date of 1803 was apparantly the first year of its appearance in the forces; the Spanish swords nomenclature functions that way. This blade its rather lengthy, with its 93 cms, same as those of Spanish standard for this model; only that the basic version is double edged and this Klingenthal specimen is single edged, with two wide fullers ... like those in curved sabres, but in this case straight, with only a vestigial curve near the tip. Please enjoy the pictures ... and post some comments, if you feel like . . Attached Images

27th December 2011, 03:42 PM	#6
fernando Lead Moderator European Armoury Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Portugal Posts: 9,638	Hi Jim, Thanks a lot for your input . Concerning the model number/year ... This specific model appears in Barceló Rubi's ARMAMENTO PORTATIL ESPAÑOL, listed as model 1796. On a footnote he quotes Salas mentioning this sword in a rather resumed description without giving any measurements, and also Enrile, this one citing it as a disused model. But the same note adds however that the catalogues of Museo de Artilleria not only describe it (example #1726), but also refer to another one called model 1797 (example #1725), identical in all parts except the pommel which had a spherical shape. Juan L.Calvó, in one article of his website CATALOGACION DE ARMAS, dedicated to Mounting Swords with Garrison of Barquilla con Vela, also consider this model as 1796. When Calvó pretends that, according to his research, this model 1796 only appeared in service in 1803, he also reminds us that, the nomination of both fire and white arms being given according to the year of their introduction, like in France, only started being used in Spain in the kingdom of Fernando VII (so after 1808) and not before. While i am expecting Don Juan Calvó to answer my email, telling me what he thonks about the blade being French, i will try and contact Juan José Perez for the same purpose. Yours humbly

27th December 2011, 04:35 PM	#9
kronckew Member Join Date: Mar 2006 Location: Room 101, Glos. UK Posts: 4,150	we have had some rather long discussions about cannon balls and chain/bar shot recently, including my links to the US artillery manual of the 1860's... i'd think things that go boom with a mix of charcoal, sulphur and saltpetre are quite appropriate for the forum...like fernando's grenade avatar...

27th December 2011, 04:36 PM	#10
fernando Lead Moderator European Armoury Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Portugal Posts: 9,638	The way Juan José Pérez puts it in his website: http://perso.wanadoo.es/jjperez222/tropacab_e.htm

27th December 2011, 04:42 PM	#11
kronckew Member Join Date: Mar 2006 Location: Room 101, Glos. UK Posts: 4,150	juan's sentence: "All the previous patterns, excepting perhaps the one of 1728, took part in the Wars against Napoleon's troops, along with lots of arms obtained from older blades and newer hilts, some of them of non-official French types." was quite interesting....

27th December 2011, 05:05 PM	#12
Jim McDougall Arms Historian Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Route 66 Posts: 9,738	Note to 'Cannonmn'........"fire for effect"!!!! Absolutely, bring it on. We very much welcome all topics on arms as well as ordnance. Thank you for noting your intent to link us to your readers. Does the Company of Military Historians still produce the material in either newsletter or published articles? It has been a long time but as I recall there were quite a few venerable articles still sought after on various topics, many of them pertaining to uniforms and equipment. Thank you so much Fernando for adding this detail.....outstanding information!! Also thank you for adding the link to Juan's work on these swords...I was having trouble locating...or just didnt look it up Clearly, and as noted by him, there was a great deal of conflict in establishing exact form for the various 'regulation' patterns and which dates they would be designated. As with many regulation patterns adopted in military 'organization' the prescribed or more likely accepted patterns were often of forms which had already been in use, so assigning pattern dates was often a matter of perspective. It seems that in the 1790s into opening years of the 19th century, there were actually several types in use by the Spanish military so though we know the period in use for them, designated date/pattern remains speculative. By analogy, this was the case in England as well as they worked toward establishing regulation military patterns, beginning with the M1796 groups (though there were the M1788 patterns unofficially). While the heavy cavalry swords (from the Austrian M1769 pallasche) were clearly defined, the variations in some of the officers swords, Horse Guards etc. remained vaguely established and the light cavalry sabres had considerable variations, again primarily where officers were concerned. Whatever one choses to designate this sword, it is a fantastic example of the sturdy Spanish cavalry fighting swords of the 1790s and early 1800s. The French blade only heightens the intrigue in this historic piece !!

29th December 2011, 05:02 AM	#15
Jim McDougall Arms Historian Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Route 66 Posts: 9,738	This is fantastic John!!! Thank you so much, and thank you for the barrage of outstanding posts on great topics Its great to touch base again with The Company, its been a long time and brings back great memories of research years ago B.C. (before computers for me. Its amazing how I could have lost touch for so long. All the very best, Jim

2nd January 2012, 06:28 PM	#16
fernando Lead Moderator European Armoury Join Date: Dec 2004 Location: Portugal Posts: 9,638	I have received Juan José Pérez feedback. While he reminds that this blade model was regularly mounted on French An XIII line cavalry swords, he finds it difficult to define whether this specific composition was result of a period work done in Spain with a captured blade or a later work required by some sword enthusiast or collector. He has added that this is the first time he sees this particular setup.

27th February 2012, 04:08 PM	#17
David R Member Join Date: Jan 2011 Posts: 1,051	So sorry. I am sorry to say that although the blade looks good, parts of the hilt at least are 1970's replica made in Spain for the wallhanger market. I owned one of these myself and so am familiar with the type. The original is a very fine sword in the Real Armeria, I think. The sword is most likely a shotgun job of some age, made not to decieve, but for reenactment, or to replace the replica blade damaged in use, and then retired to the wall. Quite a few of us did similar in the years before decent reenactment swords were made, reusing Kaskara blades, UK 1908 cavalry blades or anything else we could find. I am in fact in the process of recovering some of these now valued blades, from the various reenactment swords they went into, back into something like their original form.