M a j a p a h i t R e v i s i t e d

A. G. Maisey · 29th June 2007, 12:25 AM

Pak Ganja, I don't know what year Panangguhing Dhuwung ( Mas Ngabehi Wirosoekadgo) was first published, but it mentions PB X, so it is clearly after about 1900, possibly even as late as the 1950's.Incidentally, the text you have quoted from Panangguhing Dhuwung, I cannot locate. I have a photocopy of the edition from the Mangkunegaraan library, and what looks like a second edition without the drawings of keris.I cannot find this text in either edition. Could you assist me by giving me a page number, or a heading? Thanks.

I would like to mention another book, "Silsilah Keturunan Empu Tanah Jawa" (Pangeran Wijil I)

When do we think this might have been written? Possibly during the 18th century?

I have never done an analysis of "Dhuwung". against "Silsilah", but my reading of both books seems to indicate that a major primary source for what is in "Dhuwung" is Pangeran Wijil's work, this would apply most especially to early periods.If not directly drawn from "Silsilah", it is probably reasonable to assume that it is indirectly drawn from that, because by the time Panangguhing was written, the contents of "Silsilah" had already passed into the belief system

If Silsilah Keturunan Empu Tanah Jawa was written in the 18th century, that means it was written 400 years after the period when Empu Hangga might have existed.

One must query the sources upon which Pangeran Wijil might have drawn to produce his work, one must also consider the social and political motivation for the production of "Silsilah".

As to whom Empu Hangga was, this is Empu Angga , son of Empu Manca, grandson of Marcukunda, great grandson of Empu Anjani, brother of Empus Kuwung, Keleng, and Sombro. Empu Angga's line continued with Empu Jigja, his son, but stopped with his grandson, Empu Mandangkara.Empu Keleng's line continued all the way through to Empu Lujuguna IV, and Empu Maragati. This is from Pangeran Wijil's Silsilah.

Possibly it may serve our knowledge of the keris better were we to acknowledge that the "history" of the keris, as preserved in Javanese popular belief has its roots in the writings of court scribes, beginning no earlier than the Kartosuro era. Enquiry into the social and political conditions which prevailed in Jawa during this period may be useful in gaining an understanding of the roots of keris history as a part of Javanese popular belief.

ganjawulung · 29th June 2007, 05:45 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by A. G. Maisey

Pak Ganja, I don't know what year Panangguhing Dhuwung ( Mas Ngabehi Wirosoekadgo) was first published, but it mentions PB X, so it is clearly after about 1900, possibly even as late as the 1950's.Incidentally, the text you have quoted from Panangguhing Dhuwung, I cannot locate. I have a photocopy of the edition from the Mangkunegaraan library, and what looks like a second edition without the drawings of keris.I cannot find this text in either edition. Could you assist me by giving me a page number, or a heading? Thanks.

Dear Alan,
I don't know, which "Panangguhing Duwung" I have. These are the fotos of the first page of the book, and also the close-up of the page which mention the keris Jalak Sangu Tumpeng (spelled as Djalaksangoetoempeng).. I do hope it will help...

Ganjawulung

A. G. Maisey · 29th June 2007, 07:13 AM

Thanks Pak Ganja.

That text and picture are not in either of the copies I have, so it looks like we have a third version of "Panangguhing".

Are you able to give the author and publication details of your copy?

ganjawulung · 29th June 2007, 08:25 AM

Dear Alan,

This Javanese keris book actually is a trilogy. But was binded in one book. The first part is about keris in general -- the history, the iron and babon (special source) from Cirebon litterature (66 pages), Name of the kings and the kerises they had commissioned was written in the second part (31 pages) and the third part is about dhapurs (30 pages). The book is not thick enough. Altogether only about 127 pages. Not mentioned the year of the printing, nor the publisher. But is seems that it was published by either Kraton solo or the noble man of that palace.

Ganjawulung

PenangsangII · 29th June 2007, 08:36 AM

Thanks Pak Ganja, Alan. How I wish I were in Indonesia where a lot of keris resources were readily available.

From all the available versions of Panungging Dhuwung, is there any mention about Mpu Gandring. Was he a real or mythical character? The reason I ask is because there was a story (or theory) on another forum that the famous Hang Tuah's keris, the Taming Sari was actually the infamous keris that Ken Arok commissioned and was forged by Mpu Gandring. Thanks in advance.

A. G. Maisey · 29th June 2007, 09:23 AM

deleted:- duplication

A. G. Maisey · 29th June 2007, 09:25 AM

And thank you again , Pak Ganja.

So it does look as if what you have given us is from a source other than the famous work by Ng. Wirosoekadgo.

Actually, the form of that page you were kind enough to provide us with reminds me of something I've seen. If I get a chance I'll go through my files, its possible I could have a copy of that.

Regarding Empu Gandring, if one believes he was real, he was real.

I personally feel that he was a legend, but after hundreds of years and taking into account the nature of records in old Jawa, if anybody wants to say he was real, I won't argue with them.

A. G. Maisey · 29th June 2007, 11:25 AM

I knew I'd seen that picture and that form of words before.

Pak Ganja, the first page of your three part book is from a liitle booklet printed in Solo in 1934. It is called "Pakem Doewoeng Angka I, Wesi Adji", and was printed by Stroomdrukkerij "De Bliksem".

The part of your book that tells about Prabu Browijoyo I and sangutumpeng is from an unnamed manuscript that was owned by PB IX, the drawings were done by Ng. Sawikromo. I have a photocopy of the original, not the romanised version. I cannot read Javanese script, so I had it translated into Indonesian.

However, I'm sure I've seen the romanised Javanese text somewhere too.

But here's an interesting thing:- Empu Angga was a Pajajaran empu; that's where the Silsilah places him, but he worked for a Mojo ruler.

What is the other part of your three part book, Pak Ganja? I may be able to identify that also.

ganjawulung · 29th June 2007, 05:01 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by A. G. Maisey

Pak Ganja, the first page of your three part book is from a liitle booklet printed in Solo in 1934. It is called "Pakem Doewoeng Angka I, Wesi Adji", and was printed by Stroomdrukkerij "De Bliksem".

You are right, Alan. And I have too, Stroomdrukkerij "De Bliksem" in the Javanese script or Caraka script. Although it is more a "historiografi" on keris than history, yet this book is interesting. We can interpret and found some facts out of these dongengs (stories) on keris.

Quote:

Originally Posted by A. G. Maisey

But here's an interesting thing:- Empu Angga was a Pajajaran empu; that's where the Silsilah places him, but he worked for a Mojo ruler.

What is the other part of your three part book, Pak Ganja? I may be able to identify that also.

Yes, this book wrote about it. And Empu Angga is not alone. The most spectacular Empu in the "kingdom era" was Empu Jaka Supa -- who had been working in at least three kingdoms, and used more than 10 great names!

Empu Jakasupa was the son of the great Empu of Majapahit, Empu Supamandrangi (married to a king's daughter). Empu Supamandrangi was honored as Pangeran Sendang Sedayu.

His son Jaka Supa is so spectacular. Born in the end era of Majapahit, Jaka Supa then worked for Demak Islamic kingdom, but only for a short time. He then went to Madura and changed his name as Empu Ki Macan... (The Tiger).

And not stayed for a long time in Madura. Ki Macan alias Jaka Supa then crossed the straits and dwelled in Surabaya during Demak era, changed name as Empu Kodok (The Frog).

In the Pajang era (King Hadiwijaya 1568-1582) Empu Kodok moved silently to Pajang. The exact place is in Laweyan, Solo (Central Java) now. People surround called him, Empu Galeng. (Galeng means small dikes in rice field), because he always worked in the rice field's dike. One day, he was called by king of Pajang and then honored as a "minister" of "Pande" (smith) and was given name as Empu Umyang. (Umyang means "raving" or "talking alone"). Called like that, because once he tried his kris to someone -- and the victim then raving, talking alone...).

The very fast growing of Empu Umyang resulted jealousy from the previous empu, Empu Tjoeblak (Cublak). Then, defamation happened. Empu Umyang was expelled by the king, and then stayed for short time in Madiun (East Java) and bore the new name, Empu Tundhung Madiun (tundhung means expelled). Then he moved to Kudus, still in the era of Pajang kingdom, bearing name Empu Tundhung only.

The great king of Mataram, Sultan Agung Hanyokro Kusumo (1613-1645) was preparing an attack to Batavia (now Jakarta), attack to VOC. He gathered empus from all over Java, including Empu Tundhung from Kudus. Empu Tundhung was more than 105 years old at that time but still productive, He was one of the 8 "empu tindih" (leading empus) among the 800 empus of Mataram during the preparation of the Batavia attack. Because of "forever young" Empu Tundhung, he was then given a new name as Ki Supa Anom (anom means young), or more popular as Ki Nom...

And the last days of Ki Nom, he then was awarded property of land "200 karya" (I don't know the conversion of this measure) in Mataram, and the noble name as Pangeran Sendang. Good property, and also beautiful wife of king descent...

Empus, were regarded as important assets for many kingdoms in Java in the past...

Ganjawulung

29th June 2007, 08:25 AM	#4
ganjawulung Member Join Date: May 2007 Location: J a k a r t a Posts: 991	Three in One Dear Alan, This Javanese keris book actually is a trilogy. But was binded in one book. The first part is about keris in general -- the history, the iron and babon (special source) from Cirebon litterature (66 pages), Name of the kings and the kerises they had commissioned was written in the second part (31 pages) and the third part is about dhapurs (30 pages). The book is not thick enough. Altogether only about 127 pages. Not mentioned the year of the printing, nor the publisher. But is seems that it was published by either Kraton solo or the noble man of that palace. Ganjawulung

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29th June 2007, 12:25 AM	#1
A. G. Maisey Member Join Date: May 2006 Posts: 7,048	Pak Ganja, I don't know what year Panangguhing Dhuwung ( Mas Ngabehi Wirosoekadgo) was first published, but it mentions PB X, so it is clearly after about 1900, possibly even as late as the 1950's.Incidentally, the text you have quoted from Panangguhing Dhuwung, I cannot locate. I have a photocopy of the edition from the Mangkunegaraan library, and what looks like a second edition without the drawings of keris.I cannot find this text in either edition. Could you assist me by giving me a page number, or a heading? Thanks. I would like to mention another book, "Silsilah Keturunan Empu Tanah Jawa" (Pangeran Wijil I) When do we think this might have been written? Possibly during the 18th century? I have never done an analysis of "Dhuwung". against "Silsilah", but my reading of both books seems to indicate that a major primary source for what is in "Dhuwung" is Pangeran Wijil's work, this would apply most especially to early periods.If not directly drawn from "Silsilah", it is probably reasonable to assume that it is indirectly drawn from that, because by the time Panangguhing was written, the contents of "Silsilah" had already passed into the belief system If Silsilah Keturunan Empu Tanah Jawa was written in the 18th century, that means it was written 400 years after the period when Empu Hangga might have existed. One must query the sources upon which Pangeran Wijil might have drawn to produce his work, one must also consider the social and political motivation for the production of "Silsilah". As to whom Empu Hangga was, this is Empu Angga , son of Empu Manca, grandson of Marcukunda, great grandson of Empu Anjani, brother of Empus Kuwung, Keleng, and Sombro. Empu Angga's line continued with Empu Jigja, his son, but stopped with his grandson, Empu Mandangkara.Empu Keleng's line continued all the way through to Empu Lujuguna IV, and Empu Maragati. This is from Pangeran Wijil's Silsilah. Possibly it may serve our knowledge of the keris better were we to acknowledge that the "history" of the keris, as preserved in Javanese popular belief has its roots in the writings of court scribes, beginning no earlier than the Kartosuro era. Enquiry into the social and political conditions which prevailed in Jawa during this period may be useful in gaining an understanding of the roots of keris history as a part of Javanese popular belief.

29th June 2007, 07:13 AM	#3
A. G. Maisey Member Join Date: May 2006 Posts: 7,048	Thanks Pak Ganja. That text and picture are not in either of the copies I have, so it looks like we have a third version of "Panangguhing". Are you able to give the author and publication details of your copy?

29th June 2007, 08:36 AM	#5
PenangsangII Member Join Date: Jun 2007 Posts: 401	Thanks Pak Ganja, Alan. How I wish I were in Indonesia where a lot of keris resources were readily available. From all the available versions of Panungging Dhuwung, is there any mention about Mpu Gandring. Was he a real or mythical character? The reason I ask is because there was a story (or theory) on another forum that the famous Hang Tuah's keris, the Taming Sari was actually the infamous keris that Ken Arok commissioned and was forged by Mpu Gandring. Thanks in advance.

29th June 2007, 09:23 AM	#6
A. G. Maisey Member Join Date: May 2006 Posts: 7,048	deleted:- duplication

29th June 2007, 09:25 AM	#7
A. G. Maisey Member Join Date: May 2006 Posts: 7,048	And thank you again , Pak Ganja. So it does look as if what you have given us is from a source other than the famous work by Ng. Wirosoekadgo. Actually, the form of that page you were kind enough to provide us with reminds me of something I've seen. If I get a chance I'll go through my files, its possible I could have a copy of that. Regarding Empu Gandring, if one believes he was real, he was real. I personally feel that he was a legend, but after hundreds of years and taking into account the nature of records in old Jawa, if anybody wants to say he was real, I won't argue with them.

29th June 2007, 11:25 AM	#8
A. G. Maisey Member Join Date: May 2006 Posts: 7,048	I knew I'd seen that picture and that form of words before. Pak Ganja, the first page of your three part book is from a liitle booklet printed in Solo in 1934. It is called "Pakem Doewoeng Angka I, Wesi Adji", and was printed by Stroomdrukkerij "De Bliksem". The part of your book that tells about Prabu Browijoyo I and sangutumpeng is from an unnamed manuscript that was owned by PB IX, the drawings were done by Ng. Sawikromo. I have a photocopy of the original, not the romanised version. I cannot read Javanese script, so I had it translated into Indonesian. However, I'm sure I've seen the romanised Javanese text somewhere too. But here's an interesting thing:- Empu Angga was a Pajajaran empu; that's where the Silsilah places him, but he worked for a Mojo ruler. What is the other part of your three part book, Pak Ganja? I may be able to identify that also.