More questions about wootz

Richard Furrer · 14th November 2008, 06:51 PM

Depending upon how much patterning or forging quite a bit of material can be lost as forging scale or filed away.

As to average sizes of ingots, well, without a very large sample body or quite a few broken crucibles from many sites of manufacture I am not sure we can answer that question.
However
One can look at various axes or large katar or pieces of armor as reference points...forging a shield or breast plate requires many heating cycles (hundreds) and there is better than 50% loss in such work. Some ingots were more than a kilo...certainly given the pyrotechnology history of the larger area large fires were present. I would go so far as to say HUGE melts had been done, but it comes down to the need and the desire to make an item from one large piece verses several small ones...at some point the benefit is lost.
When I began forge-welding by hand a two pound billet was pretty big, now I weld 22 pound billets in one go with my tools.

If a blade were made from more than one ingot then there would be a sign of this (if etched). In polished or burnished condition it would be difficult/impossible to tell. I have seen many, many swords made with two or more welds though one must be careful how this is evaluated as it may mean a repair (rejoining of a broken blade) rather than two ingots.

As to different areas and their wootz...not enough testing has been done to show a comparison. Much is shown of micro-graphs, but there again the sample body is small. I did some bending to failure of an India tulwar yielding foot pounds of force and degree of bend, but this means little unless other blades are broken in this way. I had these tests done to create a baseline for my own wootz work..but...I'm always looking for broken blades to carry out more tests.
I do not think any real database can be made unless many samples are tested and museums and collectors have little interest in this as it means little to them......what does a museum care if the swords they have on display are metallurgically sound, "properly" heat treated or keen for use?

Ric

Thread Tools	Search this Thread
Show Printable Version Email this Page	Search this Thread: Advanced Search
Display Modes
Switch to Linear Mode Switch to Hybrid Mode Threaded Mode

14th November 2008, 06:51 PM	#2
Richard Furrer Member Join Date: Mar 2006 Location: Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin Posts: 163	Depending upon how much patterning or forging quite a bit of material can be lost as forging scale or filed away. As to average sizes of ingots, well, without a very large sample body or quite a few broken crucibles from many sites of manufacture I am not sure we can answer that question. However One can look at various axes or large katar or pieces of armor as reference points...forging a shield or breast plate requires many heating cycles (hundreds) and there is better than 50% loss in such work. Some ingots were more than a kilo...certainly given the pyrotechnology history of the larger area large fires were present. I would go so far as to say HUGE melts had been done, but it comes down to the need and the desire to make an item from one large piece verses several small ones...at some point the benefit is lost. When I began forge-welding by hand a two pound billet was pretty big, now I weld 22 pound billets in one go with my tools. If a blade were made from more than one ingot then there would be a sign of this (if etched). In polished or burnished condition it would be difficult/impossible to tell. I have seen many, many swords made with two or more welds though one must be careful how this is evaluated as it may mean a repair (rejoining of a broken blade) rather than two ingots. As to different areas and their wootz...not enough testing has been done to show a comparison. Much is shown of micro-graphs, but there again the sample body is small. I did some bending to failure of an India tulwar yielding foot pounds of force and degree of bend, but this means little unless other blades are broken in this way. I had these tests done to create a baseline for my own wootz work..but...I'm always looking for broken blades to carry out more tests. I do not think any real database can be made unless many samples are tested and museums and collectors have little interest in this as it means little to them......what does a museum care if the swords they have on display are metallurgically sound, "properly" heat treated or keen for use? Ric