I think it will be something similar to how hide shields were made by some ethnic groups living in the territory of today's Ethiopia, for example Arussi, Gurage, Amarro Ometo. Allegedly, they first pickled the hide in something and then used a wooden hoof and also hammer knocking. And during this operation they continuously rubbed it with oil. But I don't have that confirmed, I just heard it somewhere. In any case, the production techniques have already been forgotten and the imitations produced today are easily recognizable.
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