The hafts of most samples I have seen were of ash wood, just as is the case with long spears (pikes), but some were made of oak. By the 16th c., the blades mostly have sturdy spikes to them, often pointing to the rear.
The first complete axe attached, from the Late Gothic period, 14th-15th c., I found on the internet; it is believed to be in a Russian museum.
The second axe used to be in my own collection; it could be dated to ca. 1500, the blade and figured ashwood haft both retaining a congruent and stable old patina. The blade was deeply struck three times with a Gothic traditional blacksmith's mark, a cross with four pellets, the haft was incised with was either a letter N (for Nuremberg?) or Z (for Zürich?):
http://www.vikingsword.com/vb/showth...ht=foot+combat
Overall length 119.7 cm, the blade 27.4 x 22.0 cm.
Best,
Michael