Hello Jim, In dealing with the Buduh magic square it seems the Arabs or Indians worked in this medium and also in numbers whereas the Chinese who invented the magic square only used numbers. It appears that a sort of techno bounce back occurred where the essence of the numerical system was exported in some cases incorrectly numbered but the Arab mathematicians figured it out and sent back corrections so to speak... In addition they invented
a letter equivalent structure the Chinese never had.
Please See;
http://www.chinesehsc.org/downloads/...s_in_china.pdf
The above reference was written by a specialist American master; Professor Camman, and is very much worth reading as he refers to the Arab influence to and from China through trade via India and direct . In consequence the system was given by the Arabs to the Europeans via Spain thus we have pollination of magic squares right across the known world at the time..
http://hypernumber.blogspot.com/2015...n-islamic.html describes an interesting narrative and in the final paragraph offers the potential name of an Arab philosopher who may have been one of the people to give this technology to the Europeans.
I placed a Biography at
http://www.vikingsword.com/vb/showth...hropologically of the author to the paper above on the Chinese link and the thread also has interesting examples of other magic inscriptions / marks.