I have been interested in why the first example shown in this thread was identified as possibly English, so I spent some time tonight checking into this.
While this example is obviously German, and does correspond with the hilt example found in "The Rapier and Small Sword 1460-1820" , A.V.B.Norman, 1980, #67. The pommel also is similar to #64 ( Norman, p.268) described as the type typically found on these 'Pappenheimers'.
The term 'Pappenheimer' seems to derive from later collectors associating this type of rapier with distinct hilt having pierced convex plates in the rings of the guard, to Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim (1594-1632) who was a distinguished cavalry commander in the German Thirty Years War. It is also suggested by Norman (op.cit. p.140) that an engraving by Wenzel Hollar of him with a sword with somewhat similar hilt being visible may be the source of the idea ("Wenzel Hollar", G.Parthey, Berlin, 1853, #1336).
For some reason it seemed to me that I had seen somewhere an illustration of a Royalist trooper carrying a rapier similar to the 'pappenheimer' so I thought it might be interesting to search out that idea. While I have been unable to locate any evidence as yet confirming that now misplaced reference, it did seem worthy of note that there were German swordsmiths in England, but I will emphasize that Wirsberg was not one of them.
There had been German swordsmiths in England since Tudor times where royal armouries employed foreign smiths particularly German. Apparantly workshops near Hounslow Heath west of London was a key location and in arrangements with King Charles I in 1629 Solingen smiths were brought to England to manufacture wares in Continental fashion.
By the time of the beginning of the English Civil Wars in 1642, these shops had certainly become well established and produced for the Royalist armies.
While this example sold at Imperial Armouries does seem distinctly German, especially the work of such a profoundly established Solingen maker, I am wondering if there were indeed 'pappenheimer' rapiers produced in England as suggested in this reference.
If so, it would seem that the pommel would have been more the globular type characteristic of English rapiers of the period.
Returning to thoughts on the term, it seems that during these times in the 17th century, swords in styles from the Continent were often termed collectively 'walloons' from what I have understood,and as previously noted, the 'pappenheimer' term perhaps became associated later. It does seem that the 'mortuary' hilts (another apparant misnomer) of mid 17th century in many cases also had pierced plates in thier hilts. I wonder if any cross influence may be reflected here?
The walloon term became more prevalent later in the 17th century with the Continental horsemans sword with simple bilobate guard, and single knucklebow.
Just some thoughts on Pappenheimers in England, and the term itself. As always I look forward to others observations as well.
All best regards,
Jim
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