Excellent observations on this fascinating subject! Nice detail Fearn, and I think everybody here has the right track on this phenomenon, which as has been noted, traced into modern society as well in various degrees, especially tattooing. Most readily apparant is the faddish application of tattoo's in what may be best described as a sort of herd mentality in my opinion, as the rationale or 'symbolism' suggested is shallow at best as a rule. On occasion I have asked someone the significance of a tattoo (applied in virtually the same body location and of the same basic design seen everywhere) and I get the same vague (uh, its tribal...????).
Before tattoos became associated with military or outlaw biker elements, there were distinct symbolic and traditional associations extending often into prehistoric times in many cultures. These body decorations of course may be more permanent applications of body decoration previously often applied by paint or natural substances on certain occasions or for specific purposes.
From man's earliest times he became acutely aware of his surroundings in nature, the wildlfe, plantlife, waters, earth and the heavens. He sought to place himself as an element among these things and find associations with which to identify, eventually searching for ultimate powers that must control all of these. With this, the earliest forms of religion developed, and man sought to express his deepest beliefs in symbolism.
It is in this spiritual sense that early man began to decorate his surroundings, his weapons and himself with these symbols, intended to invoke the powers of his faith and these elements as best suited him. This distinct facet of human nature prevailed through the developments of groups into clans and tribes, and into civilizations.
As Aiontay has noted, these kinds of symbolisms certainly varied among the many tribes within the various Indian Nations in thier implied meanings, but it is important to note that the application of the symbols and colors typically were significant to the warrior himself. This is contrary to the oft suggestion that warriors decorated themselves to frighten the enemy. The painted symbols on the warrior and his horse (often similar in certain cases,as they were a distinct team) were representative of victories and invocations for power and guidance in thier quest in battle.
As noted in "The American Plains Indians" (Jason Hook, 1985, p.33), "...face and body paint established the Indian in the role of a warrior. While certain colors could have specific meanings (black for instance often signifying victory) and while coup marks were used and old wounds highlighted, a warriors war paint designs were usually only significant to him. Together with solemn prayers and vows, and the warriors sacred costume and regalia, these designs completed the medicine preparations which fortified him for war".
While these observations address the broader question about the use of war paint and body decoration among Indian tribes generally, it is of course necessary to note that distinct exceptions and variations may be present in certain instances and with particular tribes. It would be most interesting to hear of these from members and readers !!! Great topic!
All best regards,
Jim
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