It's hard to be objective in describing the theory you really dislike.
In general, based mostly on linguistics the dominant "caucasian" was that "old" european nations - caucasians, celts and etruskians (with sometimes basques being added to this list) share the common ansectry.
The obvious problem with using lingustics is that common language elements can be just a coincidence, or the result of common influence by a third language, and so on, and so on.
But the theory was and is tremendously popular (mostly due to it's confirmation of "european" nature of caucasians and their "ancient" status).
Concerning khevsurian beliefs, it's more of a historic fact - 300 european knights under the leadership of a french knight (I don't remember the name, but I think his initials were HM) came to Georgia to help in the war against seljuks and arabs (that to that moment was raging for 200+ years). Under their influence, Georgia adopts the crusader symbolics (today georgian flag is a jerusalem cross, symbol of templars) and joins the crusade.
It's unclear where they've settled after the battle at Didgori (where they've played an important role), but everyone who wishes to do so, claims the ancestry from them.
Another references to this fact are caucasian "bees" (crosses) on caucasian kindjals/swords and initials HM, also sometimes appearing on kindjals.
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