Iain, thank you for a well written essay on a very interesting and important topic. Frankish made swords, often referred to as Viking, from the 8th-10th centuries AD are well studied, yet we have no real typology for the Byzantine and Arab broadswords from the same period based on guards, blade shape, etc.
It is hard to tell whether these swords are Byzantine, or Fatimid, or Abbasid, or Bulgarian, and where they may have been made, but during the High and Late Middle Ages they disappear from South-Eastern Europe, replaced by Western type swords, like type XII and XIII and later types per Oakeshott (see the Aleksic book on swords from the region). However, this hilt style with a cuffed guard remained popular in the Middle East and Egypt, as we can see on Saif Badawi, such as the image I am attaching, which I believe was sold by Hermann Historica and is likely Mameluke.
In Southern Arabia it seems that this style did not go out of fashion all the way until the 18th century, possibly even the 19th century as we can see it on the Saif Yamani from Oman. The blade dimensions and shape on these Omani swords is also not very different from what we see on these Byzantine/Islamic swords from the 8th-10th centuries.
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