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					Originally Posted by Edster
					
				 
				In line with Iain's comment, here's an excellent reference in West African hajj. 
 
"The Hajj From West Africa From a Global Historical Perspective (19th and 20th Centuries)." African Diaspora 5:187-214. 2012. 
Baz  Lecocq	 
 
See pages 191-192 for 20th cent. long cycle pilgrimages w/labor migration and that during the 19th Cent. merchants, the wealthy, etc. were the primary pilgrims. 
			
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 Thank you for sharing this reference Ed. It is most helpful for those of us who wish to continue researching this topic. 
BTW: Your next installment on kaskaras shared in separate thread is OUTSTANDING!!!