This English summery of a Long German article I found in my Archive section:
Regarding to the inscription FRINGIA one has to get like with the unorthodox idea that its dissemination in Hungary under the flag of FRANGIA(probably also of FRNGIA) from the East, and in a significant time interval, from the West with the characters FRINDIA /FRINIA/FRINGA/FRINGIA took place independently from each other. The inscription`s starting point, namely Italy, was the same one. The sign FRANGIA (and FRENGIA as well) might have been displaced by western blades due to two facts: the small quantity on the one and the decline of Italian blade exports into the Ottoman Empire on the other hand. But this theory has a snag ± it is not proved that Italian blades with inscriptions FRANGIA and FRENGIA have been produced for the Ottomans in the 16th century. However, sabre blades with a Jelmán, representing the Kilij type of the Seljuks, were used merely by the Ottoman, Hungarian and ± partially ± Polish cavalry. It is to exclude that the manufacturing of such blades in Italy was done after orderings by Hungarian noble men. In the light of the political and military circumstances, it is reasonable to suppose that the Ottomans provided
the Transylvaniansand Hungarians,standing under their guardianship at this time,with weapons.The blade cha-racters, appearing now and again only, did not make sense to the Hungarians. But they regarded the inscription as a rarity. The "Turkish-Italian" theory designed above can be persuasive finally after a successful search for remaining blades with FRINGIA inscriptions within Italy collections and former Italian production centers. Until then we have to refer to the compilation by L.G. Boccia and E.T. Coelho with the conclusion that especially Genoese blades with the sign FRINGIA would have guaranteed and supplied the Turkish weapon market.
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