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				 13th century helmet from museum 
 
			
			What about this helmet? Here is the description and the measures.
 
 Period: 13th century
 Perhaps from teutonic area
 
 It's made with three elements. Two bands of bent sheet metal ring and a bell-shaped upper dome-shaped cone with edges folded down to form a cylinder. The three elements are joined together with rivets of iron loops, clinched so as not to create external protrusions.
 The upper cap surmounts 9 to 12 mm for the upper edge of the intermediate band. The two pieces are combined with 6 rivets. The distances between the rivets are not regular.
 The lower edge of the intermediate band for about 16 mm overlaps the upper edge of the lower band. These two pieces are joined together by 8 rivets. Even for these rivets are not regular distances between each other
 The ends of both  bands overlaps and are fixed with rivets.
 All edges of the joint are shaped so that the outer surface of the helmet has no discontinuities or protrusions.
 Within the lower band, about 84 mm from the edge, there were 20 rings of iron, placed at irregular distances from each other. Two of them are still together a chain mail, to prove that at these rings was fixed a camaglio.
 The hat-in-arms (?) of the Museum Fioroni has’nt slits for eyes because, for the low point of connection with the camaglio, the bottom edge of the helmet is placed above the eyebrows.
 
 Measures
 
 Total height 				267 mm
 Base diameter			344 mm
 
 Top
 Base diameter 			193 mm approximately
 top diameter			About 185 mm
 Height of cylindrical portion 	About 25 mm
 Summit of cone 			20 mm from the base.
 
 Intermediate band
 Base diameter 			236 mm approximately
 External height: 			95 mm approx
 
 Lower band
 Base diameter 			344 mm approximately
 External Height: 			127 mm approximately
 Positioning the inner rings		84 mm from lower edge
 
 Fixing ring for camaglio (2)
 Internal diameter 			4 mm
 Outer diameter 			9.3 mm
 Thickness 			4.5 mm
 
 NOTES
 1) The construction technique - forged elements, joined  together with rivets –(not welded) is similar to that adopted in the contemporary Pot Helmets.
 2) The 20 rings were fixed to camaglio inserted in through holes in the metal band and secured it with the system of the rivet replied. Three of them are intact. 9 of them has only the rivet securing at the metal band. 8 of them are completely missing;  There mounting hole was inappropriately closed with a plastic material during the restoration.
 
 Condition.
 The outer surfaces, highly corroded, have been properly and thoroughly deoxidized. The use of excessively abrasive tools is evident only on the protruding rivets. Less responsible for the restoration of the interior surfaces.
 All surfaces are protected with acrylic film Such protection is still effective and requires no rework.
 The restoration has been pushed to the reconstruction of some missing parts with plastic material.
 
 Best Regards
 Cesare
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